The technoeconomics and carbon intensities related to biomass energy with carbon capture and sequestration (BECCS) and biomass carbon removal and storage (BiCRS) for different types of biomass is presented in this report. To achieve commitments by circa 2050, industries of different economic sectors require renewable energy and renewable feedstocks, as well as heat and power. Utilizing biomass, BECCS or BiCRS reduces the carbon emissions to net neutral or even net negative emissions. However, there are uncertainties of the impacts of using vast amounts of biomass for decarbonization. The amount of mitigated carbon captured (removed and/or sequestered) when using biomass is subjected due to various factors, such as indirect and direct land use change (ILUC/LUC), fertilizer usage, the resulting soil conditions. In addition, the impact varies for different types of biomass, crops or agricultural or plantation wastes. Taking these factors into account, the report assesses case studies and correlates the cost of production with the carbon intensities, with estimates of alternative biomass prices for both BECCS and BiCRS.

The report begins by defining polyolefins, followed by an overview of production technology pertinent to polyolefins. It then highlights recent business advancements for each polymer grade, along with providing a list of technology licensors and developers. The report will then delve into a comprehensive analysis of four pivotal recycling technologies — mechanical recycling, solvent-based purification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal treatment — that are either under development or being commercialized for the recycling and valorization of polyolefin waste. The report will discuss the distinct features and implications of each recycling process. A cost of production process economics analysis will be provided for mechanical recycling, solvent-based purification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal liquefaction. Profiles of key active companies within each respective technology will be profiled to shed light on current industry players and their contributions to polyolefin recycling. A Carbon Intensity analysis will be carried out for mechanical recycling, solvent-based purification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal treatment across the United States, Western Europe, and China.

Market Analytics: Aromatics Feedstocks - 2023 provides an analysis by region of the feedstock requirements for aromatics - benzene and para-xylene - production, including a forecast to 2045.

​​A study of power-to-X manufacturing for e-chemicals, covering both conventional electrolysis-based production and microbial electrosynthesis. Ammonia and methanol are examined as key e-chemical products and platform molecules alongside enabling electrolysis technologies, and microbial electrosynthesis is investigated on a speculative basis. Includes economic and CI analysis of manufacturing costs for conventional production and speculative microbial electrosynthesis modeling.​